The dead space was higher in 35 infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and in 26 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) than in 20 term controls with no respiratory disease. ResultsĮighty-one infants with a median (range) gestational age of 28.7 (22.4–41.9) weeks were recruited. Alveolar ventilation ( V A) was also calculated. Volumetric capnograms were constructed to calculate the dead space using the modified Bohr–Enghoff equation. Expiratory tidal volume and carbon dioxide levels were measured. MethodsĪ prospective study of mechanically ventilated infants was undertaken. We determined if there were differences in dead space and alveolar ventilation in ventilated infants with pulmonary disease or no respiratory morbidity. However, differences in the exact way of measuring this space result in clinically significant different results and, therefore, debate remains about the true value of this measured parameter.Ĭopyright © 2023, StatPearls Publishing LLC.Dead space is the volume not taking part in gas exchange and, if increased, could affect alveolar ventilation if there is too low a delivered volume. Indeed, it may serve as a prognostic factor in patients with acute repository distress syndrome (ARDS) who require ventilation. This phenomenon has clinical significance because, both in healthy and impaired lungs, properly calculating and accounting for this non-physiological space is important for the proper respiratory care of ventilated patients. This is therefore termed anatomical dead space as it serves no respiratory function. Anatomic dead space is an important phenomenon in respiratory physiology whereby, owing to the fact that upper airways do not function as locations for gas exchange, and because of the tidal nature of ventilation, there is always a fraction of the inspired air that does not perform a physiologic function of exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen.
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